Essay on Symbolism In Tennessee Williams The Glass...

Symbolism In Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Symbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the reader digs deeper they will find that there are several symbols that give the play a deeper meaning. Each character defines each symbol in a different way. Aside from character symbols, there is overall symbolism in this play. It is set in a memory, so it creates a soft, dream-like setting. This lends to the whole idea behind the play that the characters are unable to function in reality. None of the characters are capable of living in the present. All of the characters retreat into their separate worlds to†¦show more content†¦Now it is like all of the other horses. The unicorn losing its horn is a symbol. The unicorn in its original state symbolizes something different. It is delicate, beautiful, and precious in its own unique way. This could symbolize Laura has natural beauty in an unearthly way that is hidd en by her shyness and limp. When Laura starts to talk to Jim, she gets more confidence in herself and realizes that she is not that different from everyone else in the world. The horn symbolizes a difference, an obstacle to be overcome and admired. (Ross) Like Laura has to overcome her shyness and limp to become like everyone else, the unicorn loses its difference. The fire escape is a major symbol in this play. It represents a different symbol for each character. For Amanda, the fire escape is a way for her to be protected from the outside world, or reality. She cannot live in the present, and the lack of a front door makes it easy for her to avoid real life. She convinces herself that she isnt capable of leaving the safe haven she has created by locking herself inside the strange apartment. She has become trapped by her memories. Laura uses the fire escape as a symbol in a similar way. She, too, is protected from the outside world by the fire escape, and she is also limited by it because of her handicap. It will require an extra effort for Laura to overcome her limp and get out into the world using the fire escape, symbolizing howShow MoreRelatedEssay about Williamss Use of Symbolic Reference in The Glass Menagerie851 Words   |  4 Pagesof Symbolic Reference in The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams wrote The Glass Menagerie basing it on himself and his life, although not always in detail. Tennessees life was not one of perfection. It had a lot of downs causing the play to be a very sentimental, dimly lighted and emotionally play. Although this play has a very basic story line Tennessee use of symbolism crates a much more meaningful story of the Wingfild family. Symbolism is used in almost everyRead More The Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie  Ã‚      Tom Wingfield is the narrator and a major character in Tennessee William’s timeless play, The Glass Menagerie. Through the eyes of Tom, the viewer gets a glance into the life of his family in the pre-war depression era; his mother, a Southern belle desperately clinging to the past; his sister, a woman too fragile to function in society; and himself, a struggling, young poet working at a warehouse to pay the bills. Williams has managedRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1637 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams is a play about desire to escape and this concept is conveyed through a variety of techniques and ideas shown in this play of exploration by the playwright, Tom Wingfield. First, Jim tries to escape his engagement by having a romantic night with Laura. Then, Tom’s father escapes for the same reasons Tom did. Thirdly, according to Roger Boxill from ‘The Glass Menagerie’ Amanda escapes by remi niscing â€Å"Blue Mountain ... And the seventeen gentleman callersRead MoreEscaping Reality in The Glass Menagerie Essay584 Words   |  3 Pages In Tennessee Williamss play, The Glass Menagerie, he reflects upon the economic status and desperation of an American family living in St. Louis during the 1930s. Williams portrays three characters: Amanda Wingfield, the disappointed mother; Tom, the narrator and trapped son; and Laura, the crippled daughter. Williams compares the Wingfield apartment to one of those vast hive-like conglomerations of cellular living-units... a reminder to each character of the harsh reality of their life (epilogueRead More The Glass Menagerie Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesThe Glass Menagerie Symbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the reader digs deeper they will find that there are several symbols that give the play a deeper meaning. Each character defines each symbol in a different way. There are some very noticeable symbols that can be analyzed when studying The Glass Menagerie. The first is the actual glass menagerie that representsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, is a play narrated by Tom Wingfield, one of the three main characters in the play. The story is based on Tom’s memories of his past life while living with his mother Amanda and sister, Laura, during 1937 in St. Louis. These memories are skewed because of his inability to escape from his feelings of entrapment and the abandonment from his sister. The title suggest that the characters are a hodgepodge of fragile, sensitive, opposite people striving toRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie2032 Words   |  9 PagesSymbolism is a type of literary device authors use to add special effect and meaning to their stories. According to The American Heritage Dictionary, symbolism is â€Å"The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships (â€Å"symbolism†).† Objects, people, actions, and words often are used to symbolize a deeper meaning throughout the text of a story. As one reads a story, they must realize that each sentence theyRead MoreImportant Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams7390 Words   |  30 PagesImportant Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie is considered a memory play because it is told from the memory of the narrator. The narrator, who is also a character, is Tom Wingfield, the youngest member of the Wingfield family. The other characters are Amanda Wingfield, his mother; Laura Wingfield, his older sister; and Jim OConnor the gentleman caller. A fifth character is represented by the photograph

Psychedelics An Answer For The Mental Health Conundrum

Psychedelics: An Answer to the Mental Health Conundrum Do the mentally ill commonly take psychiatric drugs because the drugs actually work, or do they take them because they believe that these drugs work? Robert Whitaker, the author of Anatomy of an Epidemic, suggests that psychiatric drugs may catalyze or possibly create mental and physical illnesses rather than improve mental health. However, psychedelic drugs, which are also psychoactive agents like psychiatric drugs, may be better alternatives. Aldous Huxley, the author of The Doors of Perception, proposes that psychedelic drugs can help people understand mental illness from a more personal perspective, and that they can also expand the mind. The recreational use of these drugs can uncover a hidden external reality, and in turn, enrich the spirit. But perhaps aside from recreational use, psychedelic drugs should be more widely used instead of psychiatric drugs to treat both the longtime and the newly mentally ill. Under moderated use, psychedelics not only profoundly enhance one’s creative vision but also provide therapeutic mental health benefits. Whitaker expands on the fact that the mentally ill who use psychiatric drugs suffer serious physical tolls on their bodies, indicating that there are more than just mental consequences to using such drugs. From the 1950’s until now, and in the future, the currently prescribed psychiatric drugs continue to hold a broad range of physical health risks. For example, Whitaker

Feminist Intersectional Theorizing free essay sample

Feminist Intersectional Theorizing Intersectionality is known to be one of the prominent social theories in feminism. This theory explores the factors that represent one’s identity. The purpose of this article is to explain the theorizing on race, class, and gender by Canadian feminist. Intersectionality portrays how women experiences are interconnected. The article â€Å"Feminist Intersectional Theorizing† written by Daiva K. Stasiulis, mainly talks about the intersectional theorizing of different factors that woman in Canada encounter. The vocalization of gender and class had a breakthrough in 1970s and 1980s. Along with racism, sexism and class is a source that is primary for oppression. This article looks at men and women’s social reality and the dynamics of their social, cultural and economic context. Intersectional theorizing examines the interconnecting and interlocking causes of oppression. Along with this even the Anti- racist theorists came up with an analytical case based on planning race that takes place the center position in intersectional theorizing. The author argues in search of how social factors such as; race class and gender are all interconnected and interlocking (Stasiulis, 26). In Canadian society race, class and gender play a significant role in social relation and discrimination. In the article, we can see that race; gender and class are interlocking and interconnected structures of oppression. There is much evidence that support this argument. For example, in the article is talks about a Brahmin dark-skinned women whose been travelling from London to Calcutta. According to her class she is privileged, she is discriminated due to her gender and as her race she is deprived (Stasiulis, 41). Discrimination is not a straightforward process. The woman is Brahmin; therefore she is at the very top of the Hindu caste system. However since she’s a woman, a man of a lower caste may have more power because in her society, men have more privileges. The fact that she’s Brahmin brings her self-esteem up but the fact that she’s Indian and a woman brings her self-esteem down in the British Society. Thus, all three factors depend on each other to determine how much authority she has in society. It is not just one straightforward list of rankings. Therefore, in her society and from her point of view race, gender and class are all interlocked within each other. Along with that, these three factors cannot be separated. In the article it states that the interlocking oppression of race, gender and class by colored women were critical of Marxist/Socialist, feminist and anti-racist traditions (Stasiulis, 29). This ties in with the author’s argument because a woman of color covers all 3 factors: race (color), gender (women) and class (for them to be oppressed, they obviously had to be of lower class). For women to be oppressed one must look at all three-aspects. When women are oppressed, it ignores a feminist, anti-racist, and socialist tradition; which covers all 3 factors being interconnected: gender, race, and class. Due to the fact if one of the factors was misused then that means that they all are being misused. The first theme of â€Å"Prominence of Race† states that in the intersectional theorizing, racism, class and sexism have been misused and taken advantage of in the interconnecting system (Stasiulis, 29). This shows that if class was misused then racism and sexism are misused as well. Looking back at the Brahmin women we can see that her class was taken advantage of therefore, her sex and race were taken advantage of as well. When one of the factors is being exploited, the other two factors are affected. Therefore all three factors need to work together to form one’s identity. In conclusion, Stasiulis strongly agrees that intersectional theorizing studies on feminist identities such as race, gender and class, exist as interconnected and interlocking. We can see this through the various examples given in the article, which proves the fact that all three social factors cannot be separated; therefore they are interconnected and interlocking. The race, class and gender are one’s identity and what they’re known for. If one factor is taken advantage of then the whole interlocking system is being misused. From my viewpoint, I believe that all three factors of discrimination are interconnecting and interlocking. This is because in the outside world without gender, race, and class, one’s identity would not exist. When thinking about race, class and gender, I reflect it as a formation of one’s identity. Along with the formation of ones identity, I believe that women have less power than men. For example in the article it talks about how black feminist were sexually harassed by white males. The result of this was that the law didn’t punish the white men (Stasiulis, 34). Therefore, this shows that men have more power than women. From this we can see that gender, race and class play a huge role. Gender because men rule women; race because white against black; class because due to the fact that black feminist were considered low class; they didn’t have the power to fight for their rights. Overall, I strongly agree to the fact that gender, race and class are interlocking and interconnecting for it cannot be separated. MLA Stasiulis, Daiva. Feminist Intersectional Theorizing. † Inequality in Canada. New York: Oxford University, 2010. 25-41. Print.

Obesity Using Mobile Wireless Technologies â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Obesity Using Mobile Wireless Technologies? Answer: Introducation Among the different health conditions making it to the headlines in recent times, childhood obesity is one. A considerable amount of concern is building up regarding the high prevalence rate of childhood obesity across the globe since the impact of obesity is adverse. Childhood obesity refers to the condition in which excess amount of body fat interferes with the health and well being of the child, leading to negative health outcomes (Cheung et al., 2016). Nutritional interventions have been in the limelight as a suitable approach towards this spurring epidemic. Though the introduction of a nutritional intervention would be marked by challenges, manipulation of the nutrient profile would be pivotal (Bailey et al., 2015). The present essay would focus on nutrition interventions to be delivered to the children of Jakarta, Indonesia, for addressing the emergence of obesity and diabetes as a health problem. The paper would describe the epidemiology of child and adolescent obesity and the present programs in the country. Strategies would be described, and a package of interventions would be outlined that would be implemented for reducing childhood obesity. The objectives and key elements of the intervention package would be mentioned along with the approach for implementing them. The effectiveness of such interventions would be supported by literature. The development of the program would be guided by partnerships with the community to ensure its success. The high prevalence of childhood obesity in Jakarta, Indonesia, a middle-income country, has sparked concerns. The number of children becoming overweight and obese due to an unhealthy diet has been raising concerns since the children are at high risk of long-term degenerative diseases. As per the reports of triennial research that was undertaken by the Health Ministry, there had been an increase in the rate of childhood obesity from 2010 to 2013. In 2013, results of the survey indicated that prevalence of childhood obesity for children between 5-12 years was 30.1 percent which was quite shocking. This percentage was higher in comparison to the national average of 18.8 percent (Wardhani, 2014). According to Cahyaningrum et al., (2016) childhood obesity in Jakarta was not limited to children coming from the middle-class families and upper-class families. The lower-class families also engage in feeding unhealthy food to the children, and this is a rising trend at present. The fact that excess body weight leads to diabetes and gallstones among other severe diseases such as brain disease and cardiovascular disease is undermined. Indonesia has been taking steps in the past few years to combat the growing concerns of childhood obesity, but not much has been done. The nutrition status of children has drawn the focus for imparting education. The staged approaches have been a failure due to a number of reasons, though they have attempted to focus on the whole community. Future health interventions need to focus on broader aspects integrated into the community, and more specific approaches are required at present. More cost-effective approach is warranted that could reduce the burden (Rachmi et al., 2017). Nutritional interventions for weight loss and prevention of obesity have been popular in research and practice and have generated a great interest of public health organisations. As energy balance is the cornerstone of weight control, nutritional uptake that limits certain macronutrients or food items are emerging. The basic premise is to have a balanced diet that meets the requirements for body functioning. The willingness to adopt diverse interventions are to be utilised for coming up with novice interventional strategies. As inadequately researched approaches underline the long-standing struggle for preventing obesity, more effective methods are required. It is imperative to have a proper understanding of the efficacy and long-term sustainability of approaches for preventing childhood and adolescent obesity (Spark et all., 2015). A multicomponent nutrition guidance would be the suggested nutrition intervention for addressing childhood obesity in Jakarta. With the help of nutrition education theories, the suggested intervention would be a digital-based guidance system that would target first-time mothers to prevent obesity during the first two years. The multicomponent nutrition guidance system would include digitally based educational tools and content in addition to telephone-based professional support from registered dietitian nutritionists and certified lactation consultants. The educational content would be based on principles of nutrition that prevents childhood obesity. The content would aim at providing the much-required instruction and knowledge so that the facilitators and barriers associated with successful impartment of knowledge are addressed adequately. The tools would aim at helping mothers maintain behaviours within core nutritional messages. Telephone-based support would help mothers to reinfo rce content delivered to them and maintain these content. Contacting the dietician or lactation consultant through scheduling an appointment or calling up on the toll-free number would be a suitable approach. These components maintain consistency with the theoretical framework of behaviour change and the tools and educational content address the underlying theoretical constructs making a deep impact on behavioural adaptation (Turner et al., 2015). The proposed intervention would have a content team that would comprise paediatricians, researchers in nutrition, registered dietician nutritionists who would be experts is childhood nutrition for the formulation of the content and delivery of the digital-based intervention. Inputs are to be taken from the consumer communication professionals, academic advisory board and creative agency. Collaboration between the cited professionals would be pivotal for the success of the intervention. Clear communication between the experts for appropriate exchange of ideas and information is crucial. The registered dietician nutritionists would be working in a preventive role for combating obesity and be responsible for overseeing the complete intervention package. Inimitably, dietitians are known to utilise the recent and evidence-based public health research on food and health from which practical guidance tools are developed. The aim they have is to help individuals make appropriate food choices .The interaction with the professionals would be beneficial for the mothers as they would get the counselling and support require for acquiring skills in relation to child feeding and development of food habits. The recruitment of the professionals would be based on their academic qualifications, experiences, skills and aptitude. Leadership skills are to be demonstrated throughout the intervention process, therefore, resources are to be allocated to enable the professionals to showcase the same (Dooley et al., 2017). The tools and content would include emails, videos, articles, infographics, quizzes, interactive and printable trackers and a tool for goal setting. Content needs to be divided into different modules and be delivered in a continuous manner over the two years time frame. Theoretical constructs would include social norms and behaviour beliefs; outcome evaluation and attitudes; self-efficacy and improvement through social modelling; relevant knowledge; behavioural capability. The successive step would to prioritise the most significant messages, and each of these are to be presented at each stage of intervention. The last stage would be to create the final copies of educational material with suitable headings, photo images to be imparted. Emails are to be sent to the mothers to notify them about the timing of the next module to be delivered. Periodical reminders would assist in using the websites in which the materials would be available. Text messages are also to be sent, and both emai ls and text messages would be sent to those who would opt to receive them on the basis of the birthdate of the baby. The interactive digital tools would include a menu planner and a growth tracker. The growth tracker would have the aim of supporting a self-monitoring approach and for this case, a maternal monitoring approach. The mothers would be able to input the weight of the child at any point in time and track the weight-for-length percentile. The goal setting tool would help mothers to achieve the self-directed larger goals through performing smaller tasks. The menu planner would enable mothers to plan the meals given to the babies as per a list of the nutritious meal provided. The menu planner could be changed from an infant only use one to family use one so that parents can mode healthy eating for their babies. Printable, non-interactive tool would also be available together with a breastfeeding tracker and taste tracker (Eldredge et al., 2017). On the basis of the anticipatory guidance framework, an anticipatory and sequential timing of delivery would be incorporated. The educational tools and content would be delivered every two months for the compete set of modules which can be termed as Buillding Blocks. These Buiding Blocks would be delivered at the time of the third trimester of pregnancy, just after delivery, at every 2 months until the child is 22 months of age. When a mother enrols herself in the intervention, the upcoming Buiding Blocks are locked from being viewed until the appropriate age is attained. The valuable option of consulting a lactation consultant or a dietician would be encouraged throughout the time frame. The nutrition guidance system would utilise only vehicles based on digital technology for delivery of tools and content on nutrition education. A website would be the ordnance of the tools and content and would house the online-scheduling system so that mothers can make appointments with the support team. In addition, the website would be optimised for application on the mobile device (Hebden et al., 2014). Thakkar et al., (2017) opined that person-to-person intervention formats, such as home-based consultation, group education and clinic-based consultations had been widely used till date for the promotion of healthy growth and dietary patterns of children. Though some studies have shown the success of these types of interventions, the limitations of these have been widely discussed. Weight status changes have been marked in some studies; however, the delivery formats have the restrictions that lead to global and national scale-up resource draining, time-consuming and less effective thereby. Ruel et al., (2013) point out that interventions that are clinic-based are limited by the absence of provider time. In addition, insufficient provider training is a problem as nutrition counselling is ineffective. Some individuals might also have the preconceived notion that education as a public health approach is not a part of the scope of work of the provider. Group education settings are continu ously been criticised since they ar plagued by poor attendance, the reasons for which include childcare responsibilities and transport facility. Lastly, home-based interventions might have a nurse who is trained in the field visiting the homes of new mothers, the resources required for this purpose need special hiring and training for utilisation. A large pool of staff is to be trained and the cost of travelling to the homes are also high. Therefore scale-up entails a higher cost for overcoming the limitations and achieving sufficient dose, coverage, and fidelity. Maintainance of the interventions is a complicated matter, therefore. Milani et al., (2017) have highlighted that interventions, when delivered on the digital platform, are more accepted and are more effective for the population being targeted. Digital-based interventions are useful for bringing about behavioural modifications in populations in relation to weight and physical activity. The authors tested a smartphone and website based intervention for improving parenting behaviours, and breastfeeding found the effectiveness of the same. The major areas where improvements have been marked are newborn care, parenting style in relation to feeding habits, toddler safety and maternal education level of nutrition. Digital-based education is also present in maternal and chid health program in the US and Netherlands such as Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the Text4Baby program, and HelloWorld email-based program in the two countries respectively. Media trends at the contemporary society indicate a shift towards the use of digital media from the use of print media. Internet media has been proved to be the only media among newspaper, TV, radio, email and cell phone, whose use increases after a woman becomes a mother. Mothers tend to spend more time on the internet in comparison to the general population. Research also indicates that greater health information seeking attitude can be seen online. If a survey is to be conducted, the results would indicate that half of the total number of mothers would report seeking parenting related information including nutrition from different internet sources. Advice on how to develop proper nutritional habits in children are sought using the tablet or mobile phone. A digital intervention that is well-designed has all the possibility of being a cost-effective intervention when compared to other formats of intervention delivery (Brownson et al., 2017). The likelihood that the presently proposed intervention would be effective in engaging the targeted population is therefore high. The achievement of behavioural adoption is likely. In addition, most of the cost for developing the digital-based intervention is non-recurring, therefore the costs of maintaining them is minimal. When the intervention is scaled up and the number of members increases, the a dditional cost is negligible. The target for the proposed intervention in the form of nutrition guidance system would be first-time mothers in Jakarta. The system would be such made that it would be applicable to individuals coming from a wide range of income groups as well as educational levels. Socioeconomic groups have diversity in them, and this aspect would also be addressed. The multicomponent nutrition guidance system proposed hereby would have the capacity to be disseminated to diverse global contexts. Funding is an essential component of all intervention programs across communities. In Indonesia, the government has shown a proactiveness in funding programs that target a wider audience for a serious public health concern. Though there are different possible funding sources, access to funds has been a major problem. Given that the proposed intervention has a number of advantages and key benefits, financial aid is expected from the government so that the implementation phase is successful. As a response to the rapidly increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, budgetary allocations would be the cornerstone of bringing about the expected positive change. Convergence and complementation of resources and efforts among the different stakeholders would be highly solicited. Evaluation of the program can be done with a robustly designed clinical trial. If the evaluation is successful in extracting maximal information aligned with the objectives of the intervention, the proposed system can be scaled up to the proportions that is deemed fit for impacting a sustainable change in the objectives of the intervention pertaining to promotion of healthy nutrition in the first 1000 days (Brownson et a, 2017). From the above discussion, it is found that childhood obesity is a key problem faced by Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, as the prevalence rate is growing significantly. Interventions delivered at present have not bene successful to the desirable extent to lower the rate of childhood obesity. The outlines strategies would produce noteworthy weight loss and improvements in metabolic risk factors among the children and adolescents. The tools and the content that has been suggested above would be applicable to diverse audiences, making the impact more profound as compared to the present interventions of the country. The multicomponent features would be appropriate to different contexts and would foster a heathy growth for children. It can be expected that with the proposed intervention delivered in a timely manner and with adequate resource allocation childhood obesity would be better handled in the near future. Reduced healthcare costs and patient outcomes would reflect this dra stic positive change that is much awaited. References Bailey, K., Cunningham, C., Pemberton, J., Rimas, H., Morrison, K. M. (2015). Understanding Academic Clinicians' Decision Making for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity.Childhood Obesity,11(6), 696-706. Brownson, R. C., Baker, E. A., Deshpande, A. D., Gillespie, K. N. (2017).Evidence-based public health. Oxford University Press. Cahyaningrum, F., Permadhi, I., Ansari, M. R., Prafiantini, E., Rachman, P. H., Agustina, R. (2016). Dietary optimisation with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for 12-23-month-old overweight and obese children in urban Jakarta.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition,25(S1), s62-s74. Cheung, P. C., Cunningham, S. A., Narayan, K. V., Kramer, M. R. (2016). Childhood obesity incidence in the United States: a systematic review.Childhood Obesity,12(1), 1-11. Dooley, D., Moultrie, N. M., Sites, E., Crawford, P. B. (2017). Primary care interventions to reduce childhood obesity and sugar?sweetened beverage consumption: Food for thought for oral health professionals.Journal of Public Health Dentistry,77(S1). Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., Parcel, G. S. (2016).Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Hebden, L., Cook, A., Ploeg, H. P., King, L., Bauman, A., Allman?Farinelli, M. (2014). A mobile health intervention for weight management among young adults: a pilot randomised controlled trial.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics,27(4), 322-332. Milani, R. V., Lavie, C. J., Bober, R. M., Milani, A. R., Ventura, H. O. (2017). Improving hypertension control and patient engagement using digital tools.The American journal of medicine,130(1), 14-20. Rachmi, C. N., Li, M., Baur, L. A. (2017). Overweight and obesity in Indonesia: prevalence and risk factorsa literature review.Public Health,147, 20-29. Ruel, M. T., Alderman, H., Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group. (2013). Nutrition-sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition?.The Lancet,382(9891), 536-551. Spark, A., Dinour, L. M., Obenchain, J. (2015).Nutrition in public health: principles, policies, and practice. CRC Press. Thakkar, J., Barry, T., Thiagalingam, A., Redfern, J., McEwan, A. L., Rodgers, A., Chow, C. K. (2016). Design considerations in development of a mobile health intervention program: the TEXT ME and TEXTMEDS experience.JMIR mHealth and uHealth,4(4). Turner, T., Spruijt?Metz, D., Wen, C. F., Hingle, M. D. (2015). Prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity using mobile and wireless technologies: a systematic review.Pediatric obesity,10(6), 403-409. Wardhani, D. (2014). High prevalence of child obesity in Jakarta sparks concerns.The Jakarta Post. [online] Available at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/22/issue-day-child-obesity-jakarta-sparks-concerns.html [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017].

Pornography And Sex Crimes Essays - Anti-pornography Feminism

Pornography And Sex Crimes "What is going on?" were the only words I could pull from my shaking mouth. I will never forget the pain in my gut when I opened the door to find my nine-year-old sister watching a porno. "I found it in Billy's room and wanted to see what it was, I'm sorry Jes." As I watched tears role down her face, a feeling of rage exploded within me. It was then that I realized that pornography is not only being watched by adults, but being explored by our youth as well. What has our society come to, and what role does pornography play in it? It's definitely not the positive outlet. I believe pornography can be dangerous because it dehumanizes family values, and leads to vicious acts of violence. 1. Family Values The stone first strikes at the very heart of family values. It presents behavior that is immoral and sinful as acceptable. Pornography makes premarital sex, adultery, and a variety of other perversions not only permissible, but attractive. It encourages both male and female homosexuality, which are lifestyles that are not acceptable to many people. It is not only those who come into direct contact with pornography that are affected. The ripples spread, and with them the effects of smut on the community as a whole. The Pontifical Council's report cited strong evidence that obscene materials "corrode human relationships, exploit individuals (especially women and young people), undermine marriage and family life, foster anti-social behavior and weaken the moral fiber of society itself." Even nonviolent pornography is harmful according to a study by Dr. Dolf Zillman and Dr. Jennings Bryant. After weeks of exposure to soft-core material, those who participated in the experiment said they felt "less satisfied with their partner's sexual performance, affection and physical appearance." After assessing the results of Zillman and Bryant's study, sex addiction expert Dr. Cline concluded that"this world suggest that the consumption of pornography erodes material values and the institution of marriage itself." This may be borne out by escalating divorce rates over the years in which pornography has flourished. 2. Young Sex Offenders Not only does pornography attack family values, but it also leads many to violence. Dr. Victor Cline conducted a pilot study for the U.S. Department of Justice on the effects of Dial-A-Porn. He found that "in every case, without exception, the children became hooked on this sex by phone and kept going back for more." He thought the conclusion was inescapable. He believed Dial-A-Porn had an "addiction effect." Police statistics indicate that an increasing number of young people addicted to hard-core pornography are acting out what they have learned. Recent cases include sexual assault on a two-year-old girl by two Detroit boys (one was only eleven years old), the rape of a mentally retarded girl by five New Jersey teenagers using a broomstick and a miniature baseball bat, and a gang of boys age twelve to seventeen raping and brutally beating a women jogger in New York City's Central Park. Many of these young abusers have themselves been abused. Sometimes occurring when they are very young, only three to four years old. Sometimes the ones who abused them are family members, a babysitter, or a friend of the family. Pornography plays a part in the abuse, either in terms of arousing the molester, attracting the child's interest, or showing the child what to do. Former Los Angeles Police Chief Daryl F. Gates of the Sexually Exploited Child Unit points out that "the frequent recovery of pornography in sexually exploited child cases is not considered to be happenstance." It is a part of the pattern. 3. Pornography Does Not Incite Violent Sex Crime I have realized that there are people out there that believe pornography is not bad, and that it doesn't lead to sex crimes. However what about the convicted murderer that was seriously involved in pornography, Ted Bundy. Bundy, who raped and murdered an unknown number of victims, was executed in 1989 for killing a twelve-year-old girl. Shortly before his death, Bundy discussed his addiction to pornography with a psychologist. "I would keep looking for more potent, more explicit, more graphic kinds of materials," Bundy said, adding finally " you reach the jumping-off point where you begin to wonder if maybe actually doing it will give you that which is beyond reading books about it or looking at it." Studies by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's behavior science unit reveal that "about 80 percent of killers who commit sexual crimes have a taste for violent

Desert Storm Life on the Edge essays

Desert Storm Life on the Edge essays A war to some that many feel came unresolved. United States armed forces recaptured Kuwait the strategic target that we set out for. At what cost did the United States capture that infamous target. A close cousin of mine named Rick Calderon was involved in the Desert Storm war and with his involvement my life personally changed. I remember the day my cousin said he was going to be shipped out into the Persian Gulf, although he was many years older than me, I looked up to him like a dear brother. He came from a home with a single mother raising my cousin and his three younger sisters. He enlisted in the Marines at the age of twenty-two to find guidance in his life and help his struggling mother financially. When the news came that my cousin would be deployed into hostile territory our entire family was petrified with pure horror. He was a lance corporal during the ordeal and served in the 301st infantry division grunts, as most of the armed forces called them. He was deployed within 15 miles of hostile territory in a mobile base outside of Kuwait. During his 7-month stay on Kuwaiti soil he was involved in the some of the first strikes against Iraqi troops. He was originally deployed to maintain order among citizens within surrounding cities although there were many smaller revolts and riots that caused increased tension among troops and Kuwaiti citizens. He for instance felt that the war was for monetary gain among United States politicians. The gain of course was the oil. The true reason for the entire ordeal was that rich deposits of oil straddled the ill-defined border, and Iraq constantly claimed that Kuwaiti oil rigs were illegally tapping into Iraqi oil fields. Middle Eastern deserts make border delineation difficult and this has caused many conflicts in the region. Rick was involved in restoring order within a Marine compound up the street from where he had been marinating guar ...

History of Food in Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of Food in Mexico - Research Paper Example They are also the ones who introduced chocolates to the Spanish. Regionally, north of Mexico is known for arrachera cut, carne asada dishes. The south part of the country is known for conchinita pibil. Generally, other vegetables and chicken based dishes (Mexico Adventure, 1999). Spain civilization in 1521 brought about fusion of Spanish foods such as pigs, garlic, dairy products and spices with the Mexican traditional cuisine. This was later followed by assimilation of several other cuisines like Portuguese, South Americans and French. In addition, various regions in the country experience different climatic conditions and are of different ethnicities. These are among the reasons why today Mexican foods vary with regions and are a variety (World-food-and-wine. n.d.). Despite the food variety and influence of Mexican dishes there has been the dominance of traditional spices like oregano, cumin and chill powder. The objective of meals being leisurely shared and enjoyed has still remained intact. Furthermore, there are foods mostly taken during various religious and holiday

The Cash Flow of ABC Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cash Flow of ABC Limited - Essay Example The cash flow statement provides valuable information on the quality of income and sales, dividend and interest covers, the cash available per share and the cash returns generated by the assets. These are discussed in the following sections. In addition to the quick ratio or current ratio (Monetary Assets / Current Liabilities) and the liquidity ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities), another very useful ratio to analyses a company’s performance is the quality of income (Net Cash Inflow from Operations/ Net Profit before Interest and Tax). The quality of income ratio helps understand the company’s income a little better. The net cash inflow for ABC Limited is  £155 and the Profits before interest and tax totals to  £67, thus making its Quality of Income Ratio as 2.313. This ratio helps analyze the amount of free cash that has been utilized to increase the capital expenditure. It computed as Retained Cash Flow (After Div. Paid) / Cash Paid for Acquisition. For the case of ABC Limited, the amount of money that has been invested to capital expenditures is  £ 115 and the total amount of free cash is  £134 (i.e. Net cash from Operating Activities less the tax paid less the dividends paid = 155 - 15 – 6). Thus the capital expenditure ratio totals to 1.165%. It is clear that ABC limited has invested a high amount in capital expenditures and still there is a net increase in cash, indicating that the company has performed very well in terms of collecting the cash from the customers. The cash owing cover signifies the total amount of free cash (i.e. Net Cash income from operations less the tax, less interest and fewer dividends) that is used to settle the total owing of the company. Calculation of the cash owing cover can be done by dividing the total owing by the retained cash from operations (after dividend). ABC Limited has a total owing of  £72 m and the net free cash after dividends totals to  £134 m (155 – 15 – 6 ) thus making the cash owing cover to total to 0.537. Therefore the number of years to pay off debt is 0.5years or 6 months. This indicates that ABC limited can pay off the debts in a very short period.

A comparison of two works of art from 1400 to the present on view at a Essay

A comparison of two works of art from 1400 to the present on view at a museum in New York - Essay Example Smith’s Untitled is Color screenprint, 57 x 76.8 cm (22 7/16 x 30 1/4 in) and Marden’s 3 Hydra Rocks is oil on canvas 209.9 x 340.4 x 6.4 cm (82 5/8 x 134 x 2 1/2 in). Defining art can be one of the most difficult yet enjoyable tasks that any person can ever undertake. There are so many factors to consider, and so many different methods of artistic thought. Some say that art is an expression, but not everyone agrees that an expression is art. However, really, is not art really all in the eye of the beholder? Who is to say that one train of thought it more important or correct than another does when regarding what art is. One person may think that a particular object or expression may be artistic, whilst another thinks that it is simply garbage. In this case, these artworks are truly wonderful.1 The painting Untitled by Smith is incomparable for its use of space all over the canvas and the application of dimension in form of space is unique. She made space speak a language and narration that was beyond imagination. With her penetrating look and absorbing concern, she explores the innate charm of an object of art. According to the celebrated Latin poet Ovid, art lies in concealing art. If art is the magic of holding back time then artists are the magicians who captivate time in colors and canvases. As time passes by several take birth and perish, but some people with their achievements and contributions leave their footprints on the sands of time. These people remain immortal forever in the pages of history and along with them last the movements created by them. One such artist is Smith and she manifested the mode of artistic expression in the late 20th century.2 The usage of space, particularly on the right hand side of the canvas is the balance of the shapes and lines present on the left central part of the painting. Here the space is colored in brown and black. This is a less vibrant color

Essential Oils Biological Components

Essential Oils Biological Components Essential oils are complex mixtures of many components, about 20-60 can be present at different concentrations depending on the oil.According to Bakkali et al(2008) they are characterized by components of the highest concentrations, there are usually 2 or 3 main components in each oil compared to some components in trace amounts. Major components of the oils determine the biological activity of the oils however the components in smaller amounts produce an additive effect(Bakkali et al, 2007). Chemical analysis of lemongrass and cinnamon oil distinguished several compounds. Terpenes are able to form structurally and functionally different classes. They are made from combinations of several 5 carbon units called isoprenes (Pichersky and Gershenzon). According to Bakkali et al (2007) terpenes constitute 90% of essential oils. Tyagi and Malik (2010) found that phenols and aldehydes exhibited the highest vapour activity followed by alcohols, ketones and esters and lastly hydrocarbons. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC MS) analysis found cinnamon oil contains high amounts of trans cinnamldehyde at 86.9% and eugenol at 6.2% as major components. Eugenol has been found to have antifungal activity (Cheng et al, 2008) as has Cinnamyl acetate, 4-terpineol, 1,8 cineole. The additive effects of the main components have been reported in one study, a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol inhibited growth of staphylococcus species whereas when they were applied individually they did not inhibit growth (Marei et al, 2007). Lemongrass exhibited a high concentration of citral, this has two isomers, geranial (trans citral) which presented at 51.3% and neral (cis citral) at 37.4% as major components of this oil. Usually one isomer does not occur without the other. In addition to the essential oil consists of small quantities of geraniol(alcohol) which often co exists with geranial and neral (Chen and Vilojen, 2010).,This study found strong activity of geraniol against Candida albicans (Chen and Vilojen, 2010). Geranyl acetate (Hanaa et al,2012)and limonene (Gehan et al 2012) have also been found to have antifungal properties. Similar concentration found in this analysis have been previously reported by Inouye et al (2003) A study also found lemongrass oil to show higher anticandidal activity against strains of superficial mycoses than citral suggesting additive effects of minor components (Kumar et al 2012) 4.2 Vapour phase Using the vapour phase has been a fairly recent advancement, Tyagi and Malik (2010) found that essential oils in the liquid medium form micelles and supress the attachment of the essential oils to the organism, however the vapour state allows for free attachment although studies have been carried out there is no standard assay to evaluate inhibition by vapour phase contact (Avila-Sosa et al,2012).A further study also stated that in liquid medium the diffusability and solubility of the essential oil whilst in vapour depends on the volatility of each compound and in a vapour form can facilitate the solubilisation of lipophilic monoterpenes better by inflicting higher cell damage on the cell membrane(Taweechaisupapong et al, 2012) Rana (2012) found with Candida dublienesis ,where the essential oil is placed directly under the fungi the growth is completely inhibited as the vapours are the most volatile here .So growth is fungicidal until a certain point, as the volatile vapours spread out the concentration of the vapours is not high enough to inhibit growth so a fungistatic effect is produced. Although this effect was not produced with Candida albicans it demonstrates how the vapours work. Therefore a dispersal method would be more effective as there would be an even distribution of the oil. If volatile compounds retained less effectively therefore allowing more molecules in the vapour phase with increased antifungal activity promotes fungicidal effect at lower concentrations(Lopez et al ,2005) thought to be due to better penetration and contact(Tyagi and Malik, 2010). 4.3 Bonding and compounds Essentail oils cannot be used on their own as they are classed as irritants according to health and safety (Look at COSHH form)therefore a method is required where the oil is not as concentrated and can be used in application such as sprays where it is easier to distribute. Essential oils are expensive therefore if mixed with a carrier oil which are usually cheaper and more readily available. The essential oils blended with carrier oils showed a significant difference in the results for example at 25Â µl(p

Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay example -- Mark Twain Huck Finn Es

Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn No one who has read the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny not seeing the faults of the civilized world that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with: The ideal way of living. Every time the main characters Huck and Jim are away from the influences of the civilized world, Twain’s vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the reader. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The first glimpse that we get of the civilized world in Huck’s time comes to us as early as the first chapter. Huck describes to the reader how he is getting along in civilization. He tells us things about society that he doesn’t yet understand, like how the Widow forbids him to smoke yet she uses tobacco herself. Twain establishes the hypocrisy of civilization early on in the novel to give the reader insight on the differences between the â€Å"proper† ways of nineteenth century society and the â€Å"improper† behavior that Huck is accustomed to dealing with. This insight that Twain gives to the reader is further expanded with the introduction of Huck’s Pap into the story. After leaving Huck for a little over a year, Pap comes back for Huck, figuring he may have something to gai... Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn Essay example -- Mark Twain Huck Finn Es Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn No one who has read the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny not seeing the faults of the civilized world that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with: The ideal way of living. Every time the main characters Huck and Jim are away from the influences of the civilized world, Twain’s vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the reader. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The first glimpse that we get of the civilized world in Huck’s time comes to us as early as the first chapter. Huck describes to the reader how he is getting along in civilization. He tells us things about society that he doesn’t yet understand, like how the Widow forbids him to smoke yet she uses tobacco herself. Twain establishes the hypocrisy of civilization early on in the novel to give the reader insight on the differences between the â€Å"proper† ways of nineteenth century society and the â€Å"improper† behavior that Huck is accustomed to dealing with. This insight that Twain gives to the reader is further expanded with the introduction of Huck’s Pap into the story. After leaving Huck for a little over a year, Pap comes back for Huck, figuring he may have something to gai...

Comparing and Contrasting the Pardoners Tale and the Wife of Bath Tale

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Biography of Tamerlane, 14th Conqueror of Asia

Biography of Tamerlane, 14th Conqueror of Asia Tamerlane (April 8, 1336–February 18, 1405) was the ferocious and terrifying founder of the Timurid empire of Central Asia, eventually ruling much of Europe and Asia. Throughout history, few names have inspired such terror as his. Tamerlane was not the conquerors actual name, though. More properly, he is known as Timur, from the Turkic word for iron. Fast Facts: Tamerlane or Timur Known For: Founder of the Timurid Empire (1370–1405), ruled from Russia to India, and from the Mediterranean Sea to Mongolia.Birth: April 8, 1336 in Kesh, Transoxiana (present-day Uzbekistan)Parents: Taraghai Bahdur and Tegina BegimDied: February 18, 1405 at Otrar, in KazakhstanSpouse(s): Aljai Turkanaga (m. about 1356, d. 1370), Saray Mulk (m. 1370), dozens of other wives and concubinesChildren: Timur had dozens of children, those who ruled his empire after his death include Pir Muhammad Jahangir (1374–1407, ruled 1405–1407), Shahrukh Mirza (1377–1447, r. 1407–1447), and Ulegh Beg (1393–1449, r. 1447–1449). Amir Timur is remembered as a vicious conqueror, who razed ancient cities to the ground and put entire populations to the sword. On the other hand, he is also known as a great patron of the arts, literature, and architecture. One of his signature achievements is his capital in the city of Samarkand, located in modern-day Uzbekistan. A complicated man, Timur continues to fascinate us some six centuries after his death. Early Life Timur was born on April 8, 1336, near the city of Kesh (now called Shahrisabz), about 50 miles south of the oasis of Samarkand, in Transoxiana.  The childs father Taraghai Bahdur was the chief of the Barlas tribe; Timurs mother was Tegina Begim. The Barlas were of mixed Mongolian and Turkic ancestry, descended from the hordes of Genghis Khan and the earlier inhabitants of Transoxiana. Unlike their nomadic ancestors, the Barlas were settled agriculturalists and traders. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Arabshahs 14th-century biography, Tamerlane or Timur: The Great Amir, states that Timur was descended from Genghis Khan on his mothers side; it is not entirely clear whether that is true. Many of the details of Tamerlanes early life are from a spate of manuscripts, dozens of heroic tales written from the early 18th through 20th centuries, and stored in archives across Central Asia, Russia, and Europe. In his book The Legendary Biographies of Tamerlane, historian Ron Sela has argued that they were based on ancient manuscripts but serve as a manifest against the corruption of rulers and officials, a call to respect Islamic traditions, and an attempt to situate Central Asia within a greater geopolitical and religious sphere.   The tales are full of adventures and mysterious happenings and prophecies. According to those tales, Timur raised in the city of Bukhara, where he met and married his first wife Aljai Turkanaga. She died about 1370, after which he married several of the daughters of Amir Husayn Qara’unas, a rival leader, including Saray Mulk.  Timur eventually collected dozens of women as wives and concubines as he conquered their fathers or erstwhile husbands lands. Disputed Causes of Timurs Lameness The European versions of Timurs name- Tamerlane or Tamberlane- are based on the Turkic nickname Timur-i-leng, meaning Timur the Lame.  Timurs body was exhumed by a Russian team led by archaeologist Mikhail Gerasimov in 1941, and they found evidence of two healed wounds on Timurs right leg. His right hand was also missing two fingers. The anti-Timurid author Arabshah says that Timur was shot with an arrow while stealing sheep. More likely, he was wounded in 1363 or 1364 while fighting as a mercenary for Sistan (southeastern Persia) as stated by contemporary chroniclers Ruy Clavijo and Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi. Transoxianas Political Situation During Timurs youth, Transoxiana was riven by conflict between the local nomadic clans and the sedentary Chagatay Mongol khans who ruled them. The Chagatay had abandoned the mobile ways of Genghis Khan and their other ancestors  and taxed the people heavily in order to support their urban lifestyle. Naturally, this taxation angered their citizens. In 1347, a local named Kazgan seized power from the Chagatai ruler Borolday. Kazgan would rule until his assassination in 1358. After Kazgans death, various warlords and religious leaders vied for power. Tughluk Timur, a Mongol warlord, emerged victorious in 1360. Young Timur Gains and Loses Power Timurs uncle Hajji Beg led the Barlas at this time  but refused to submit to Tughluk Timur. The Hajji fled, and the new Mongol ruler decided to install the seemingly more pliable young Timur to rule in his stead. In fact, Timur was already plotting against the Mongols. He formed an alliance with the grandson of Kazgan, Amir Hussein, and married Husseins sister Aljai Turkanaga. The Mongols soon caught on; Timur and Hussein were dethroned and forced to turn to banditry in order to survive. In 1362, the legend says, Timurs following was reduced to two: Aljai and one other. They were even imprisoned in Persia for two months. Timurs Conquests Begin Timurs bravery and tactical skill made him a successful mercenary soldier in Persia, and he soon collected a large following. In 1364, Timur and Hussein banded together again and defeated Ilyas Khoja, the son of Tughluk Timur. By 1366, the two warlords controlled Transoxiana. Timurs first wife died in 1370, freeing him to attack his erstwhile ally Hussein. Hussein was besieged and killed at Balkh, and Timur declared himself the sovereign of the whole region. Timur was not directly descended from Genghis Khan on his fathers side, so he ruled as an amir  (from the Arabic word for prince), rather than as khan.  Over the next decade, Timur seized the rest of Central Asia as well. Timurs Empire Expands With Central Asia in hand, Timur invaded Russia in 1380. He helped the Mongol Khan Toktamysh retake control and also defeated the Lithuanians in battle. Timur captured Herat (now in Afghanistan) in 1383, the opening salvo against Persia. By 1385, all of Persia was his.   With invasions in 1391 and 1395, Timur fought against his former protege in Russia, Toktamysh. The Timurid army captured Moscow in 1395.  While Timur was busy in the north, Persia revolted. He responded by leveling entire cities  and using the citizens skulls to build grisly towers and pyramids. By 1396, Timur had also conquered Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Mesopotamia, and Georgia. Conquest of India, Syria, and Turkey Timurs army of 90,000 crossed the Indus River in September  1398 and set upon India. The country had fallen to pieces after the death of Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (r. 1351–1388) of the Delhi Sultanate, and by this time Bengal, Kashmir, and the Deccan each had separate rulers. The Turkic/Mongol invaders left carnage along their path; Delhis army was destroyed in December and the city was ruined. Timur seized tons of treasure and 90 war elephants  and took them back to Samarkand. Timur looked west in 1399, retaking Azerbaijan and conquering Syria. Baghdad was destroyed in 1401 and 20,000 of its people were slaughtered. In July 1402, Timur captured early Ottoman Turkey and received the submission of Egypt. Final Campaign and Death The rulers of Europe were glad that the Ottoman Turk sultan Bayazid had been defeated, but they trembled at the idea that Tamerlane was at their doorstep. The rulers of Spain, France, and other powers sent congratulatory embassies to Timur, hoping to stave off an attack. Timur had bigger goals, though. He decided in 1404 that he would conquer Ming China. (The ethnic-Han Ming Dynasty had overthrown his cousins, the Yuan, in 1368.) Unfortunately for him, however, the Timurid army set out in December during an unusually cold winter. Men and horses died of exposure, and the 68-year-old Timur fell ill. He died on February 17, 1405 at Otrar, in Kazakhstan. Legacy Timur started life as the son of a minor chieftain, much like his putative ancestor Genghis Khan. Through sheer intelligence, military skill, and force of personality, Timur was able to conquer an empire stretching from Russia to India and from the Mediterranean Sea to Mongolia. Unlike Genghis Khan, however, Timur conquered not to open trade routes and protect his flanks, but to loot and pillage. The Timurid Empire did not long survive its founder  because he rarely bothered to put any governmental structure in place after he destroyed the existing order. While Timur professed to be a good Muslim, he obviously felt no compunction about destroying the jewel-cities of Islam and slaughtering their inhabitants. Damascus, Khiva, Baghdad...these ancient capitals of Islamic learning never really recovered from Timurs attentions. His intent seems to have been to make his capital at Samarkand the first city in the Islamic world. Contemporary sources say that Timurs forces killed about 19 million people during their conquests. That number is probably exaggerated, but Timur does seem to have enjoyed massacre for its own sake. Timurs Descendants Despite a death-bed warning from the conqueror, his dozens of sons and grandsons immediately began to fight over the throne when he passed away. The most successful Timurid ruler, Timurs grandson Ulegh Beg (1393–1449, ruled 1447–1449), gained fame as an astronomer and scholar. Ulegh was not a good administrator, however, and was murdered by his own son in 1449. Timurs line had better luck in India, where his great-great-grandson Babur founded the Mughal Dynasty in 1526. The Mughals ruled until 1857 when the British expelled them. (Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal, is thus also a descendant of Timur.) Timurs Reputation Timur was lionized in the west for his defeat of the Ottoman Turks. Christopher Marlowes Tamburlaine the Great and Edgar Allen Poes Tamerlane are good examples. Not surprisingly, the people of Turkey, Iran, and the Middle East remember him rather less favorably. In post-Soviet Uzbekistan, Timur has been made into a national folk hero. The people of Uzbek cities like Khiva, however, are skeptical; they remember that he razed their city and killed nearly every inhabitant. Sources Gonzlez de Clavijo, Ruy. Narrative of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez De Clavijo to the Court of Timour, at Samarcand, A.D. 1403–1406. Trans. Markham, Clements R. London: The Hakluyt Society, 1859.Marozzi, Justin. Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.Sela, Ron. The Legendary Biographies of Tamerlane: Islam and Heroic Apocrypha in Central Asia. Trans. Markham, Clements R.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.  Saunders, J. J. History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971.

Free Essays on Retail on the Web

Retail is one of the more visible market sectors on the Web. In retail, merchants sell products and services directly to a buyer. E-retail, also called e-tail, occurs when retailers use the Web to sell their products and services (Sanchez 16). E-retailers constantly challenge the old ways of conducting business as they bring new products and services to market. All e-retailers, however, operate in a similar manner. A customer (consumer) visits an online business at the Web equivalent of a showroom the electronic storefront. An electronic storefront, also called an outline catalog, is the Web site where an e-retailer displays its products. It contains descriptions, graphics, and sometimes product reviews. After browsing through the merchandise, the customer makes a selection. This activates a second area of the store known as the shopping cart. The shopping cart is a software component on the Web that allows the customer to collect purchases. Items in the cart can be added, deleted, or even saved for a future visit. When ready to complete the sale, the customer proceeds to the checkout. At this time the customer enters personal and financial data through a secure Internet connection. The transaction and financial data automatically are verified at a banking Web site. If the bank approves the transaction, the customer receives an online confirmation notice of the purchase. Then, the e-retailer processes the order and sends it to the fulfillment center where it is packaged and shipped. The e-retailer notifies the bank of the shipment, and payment is sent via electronic channels to the e-retailer. Inventory systems are updated. Shipping information is posted on the Web, so the customer can track the order. The customer typically receives the order a few days after the purchase (Microsoft Word 2002 project 2). E-retailing presents a new way to shop. The store is open 24 hours a day with a few clicks on the mouse, consumers can compare p... Free Essays on Retail on the Web Free Essays on Retail on the Web Retail is one of the more visible market sectors on the Web. In retail, merchants sell products and services directly to a buyer. E-retail, also called e-tail, occurs when retailers use the Web to sell their products and services (Sanchez 16). E-retailers constantly challenge the old ways of conducting business as they bring new products and services to market. All e-retailers, however, operate in a similar manner. A customer (consumer) visits an online business at the Web equivalent of a showroom the electronic storefront. An electronic storefront, also called an outline catalog, is the Web site where an e-retailer displays its products. It contains descriptions, graphics, and sometimes product reviews. After browsing through the merchandise, the customer makes a selection. This activates a second area of the store known as the shopping cart. The shopping cart is a software component on the Web that allows the customer to collect purchases. Items in the cart can be added, deleted, or even saved for a future visit. When ready to complete the sale, the customer proceeds to the checkout. At this time the customer enters personal and financial data through a secure Internet connection. The transaction and financial data automatically are verified at a banking Web site. If the bank approves the transaction, the customer receives an online confirmation notice of the purchase. Then, the e-retailer processes the order and sends it to the fulfillment center where it is packaged and shipped. The e-retailer notifies the bank of the shipment, and payment is sent via electronic channels to the e-retailer. Inventory systems are updated. Shipping information is posted on the Web, so the customer can track the order. The customer typically receives the order a few days after the purchase (Microsoft Word 2002 project 2). E-retailing presents a new way to shop. The store is open 24 hours a day with a few clicks on the mouse, consumers can compare p...

Policy Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy Report - Research Paper Example The existence of these two arguing controversial ideas makes the issue about global warming not an exact science. Lately, this was the same argument used by those people in the industry that produces heat-trapping gases. The federal court in Washington lately declared based on Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) finding that industry and vehicles which contribute significant amount of heat-trapping gases actually would also result detrimental impact on public health (Wald, 2012). This decision was able to make up the mind of some companies to block the rule of EPA as they argued about the controversial issue of global warming. However, the court dismissed the existing argument about the science of global warming and some unreliable studies related with it. As a result, the court promulgated rules or policies that would set limits on greenhouse gas emissions from cars and other stationary sources. Those who opposed this challenged EPA’s timetable for enforce ment and even its target to have saturated effort over big polluters (Wald, 2012). Wald added that EPA’s line of defense on this issue emphasized the fact that it is not part of its rule to reprove whatever discovery in science that would come across scientific inquiry in the future. Lately, the federal government backs on this issue and even supported the decision of the Washington federal court. In response to this, there were fourteen states including Virginia and Texas which led a petition to block the ruling, while other fifteen states spearheaded by New York, California and Massachusetts came to support EPA emissions rules (Wald, 2012). It is clear that the regulation is now inevitable. The next challenge would be for congress to initiate action plan in order to ensure the implementation process to be efficient and less costly. However, the congress’s blow on this issue leads to the consideration of the harmful impact of EPA emissions rules on the economy as it w ould potentially drive energy prices higher (this would create strong economic impact, as oil is the lifeblood of modern economy), create joblessness, and slow down the US’s economic recovery (Wald, 2012). On the other hand, global warming issue and the existing argument about the exactness of its science would eventually remain a potential threat to policy makers as this would continuously become a significant source of controversial issues prior to their future decisions. As observed, there were more than one group trying to have essential stands or points on the environmental issue pertaining to global warming and associated EPA’s emissions rules on it. This issue does not only involve scientific matters, but it also leads to social, political, economic and environmental concerns. As observed, this environmental problem about global warming and emissions of heat-trapping gases poses remarkable concern about environmental sustainability. However, along the way, polic ies must be implemented, efficiently and effectively. Policy-making is not easy on this part as there are many other elemental things or concerns that need further considerations. Policy makers at this point must have substantial knowledge regarding group behaviors as there are varying groups

Should the courts see the original meaning of the constitution Research Paper

Should the courts see the original meaning of the constitution - Research Paper Example urt Justice Antonin Scalia did not agreed with the idea of changing the interpretation, while Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer wants it to change. The constitution should not be interfered with because it is the founding document of the United States. The Founding Fathers originally made the document for government and believed over time that the world will change, also the nation was built on and the foundation the U.S stands strong on. This paper will argue that Justice Breyer is correct. The Founding Fathers wrote a flexible document that would grow over the centuries. The U.S constitution was put together by several men—framers such as Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine and John Adams. However, James Madison was known to be the father of the constitution because he wrote the constitution in 1778. Madison believed that a consitution should have a fixed and stable meaning. He believed that the time in which this constitution was created was special and that in the future people should reference it when interpreting the laws (Sunstein, 1). In todays world thinking about the constitution has changed in some respects (although there are still people who agree with Madison). According to the Supreme Court Justice Stephen, â€Å"in finding the meaning of the constitution, judges cannot neglect to consider the probable consequences of different interpretations.† (Breyer, 74) Scientifically we do not have the technology go back in time and ask our Founding Fathers what exactly they meant word for word about the constitution. We do understand why they wrote it that way, so that people in our society can have a better life. Breyer makes his case very intelligently. He says, "The court should reject approaches to interpreting the Constitution that consider the documents scope and application as fixed at the moment of framing . . . Rather, the court should regard the Constitution as containing unwavering values that must be applied flexibly to ever-changing

PSC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PSC - Coursework Example SharePoint Foundation can be used to create a number of websites. The web pages on these sites may be enabled with collaboration via webpages, other documents and of course, data etc. This component of the Ms Sharepoint Package is the server in the setup of SharePoint just in accordance with its name. It takes Sharepoint Foundation as its baseline upon which it grounds itself. It is characterized with the property to organize site administration, compiling of lists and libraries and customization of the website concerned. Since SharePoint Server banks on SharePoint Foundation for all its basics it naturally incorporates all it properties along with its own. Significantly its own properties include The Content Management of an Enterprise, Knowledge Management and Business Intelligence, enterprise search, and personal profiles through My Sites. The very latest and the foremost with respect to the most current technological needs of the say, SharePoint Online  is a cloud based solution provided by the Computing giant Microsoft. It is suitable for businesses of all sizes. Instead of having the need of incorporating the entire massive structure of MS SharePoint within its premises any business can now log onto the cloud server of the application package. The only requirement is that subscription needs to be done and the employees of the organization/ business setup can be provided with an enterprise grade solution for creating sites. These sites would enable sharing of documents and information with partners, customers and colleagues.   Ã‚   â€Å"SharePoint Workspace is a desktop program that you can use to take SharePoint site content offline and collaborate on the content with others while you are disconnected from the network. While you and other team members are offline, you can make changes to SharePoint content that will eventually synchronize back to the SharePoint site.† (Microsoft, 2011) With the onset of

Otto Von Bismarck Essay Example for Free

Otto Von Bismarck Essay Otto Von Bismarck was made Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia by I in 1862. He stayed in power until 1890. His conduct of foreign policy between 1862 and 1871 is one of the most fascinating and complex parts of the nineteenth century. It ended with the unification of Germany on 18th January 1871, under Prussian dominance, with King William of Prussia being coroneted as Kaiser in Versailles. The German unification is possibly the most important and significant events in history, as it has had so many effects and consequences across the whole world, and still does to this day. One of the most widely debated topics of the nineteenth century is to what extent is Bismarck responsible for the unification. Basically, was Bismarck’s foreign policy more about conscious design, or a policy by default largely determined by other key personalities and events? Some people try and say that Bismarck was always heading towards German unification, and that he had been planning how to get there all along; but actually, Bismarck hardly planned a thing – he instead was just very good at taking things as they came. His main aim was to strengthen Prussia, and make it into a stronger country. An example of how Bismarck did not plan what he did is how he came to power. He was not elected, so he was not planning ways in which to gain votes etc. ; instead, he was suddenly catapulted from being ambassador to St. Petersburg, and then Paris, to being chancellor of Prussia. Bismarck was also known for his personality. It was this that initially got him to where he was. He was nicknamed ‘The Iron Chancellor†, and he fitted this name very well. In 1862, when William was refused money by liberals to pay for his army, he threatened to abdicate, but was persuaded to elect Bismarck as chancellor instead. Everybody who knew Bismarck knew him as being wild, and a bully, a conservative, an army man, and as being a ‘Machiavellian’. He was cunning, scheming, unscrupulous, vicious, manipulative, calculating, brutal, and devious, and also very good at improvising. It was these things that William liked about him, and Williams’s expectations of Bismarck were achieved. Immediately after being put in office, Bismarck suspended the constitution and gave the army the money it needed. Now he was in control of Prussia as it was maturing and reaching power. Another event that shows how Bismarck did not plan things is the Danish Crisis in Schleswig and Holstein in 1864. Some people say that Bismarck planned this, and did it to get Austria involved, and to be nice to her by giving her some land, but which he could take at any time as it was next to Prussia, and cause up rise. In reality, Denmark unexpectedly attempted to annex Schleswig and Holstein, and Bismarck just saw a chance to gain some land, respect, popularity, and a small advantage over Austria; he did not previously plan any of this, he just ‘played the cards he was dealt well’ e. g. e ended up doing it with Austria – this made him look good in front of everyone else, and also lulled Austria into a false sense of security. This was a first step towards Bismarck thinking cleverly about how he could get an upper hand over Austria. Although Bismarck did not necessarily plan all of the things that he did, he was very good at playing what came along well, and thinking about all of the consequences of his actions, and how he could use what he had to his best advantage; because of this, he was a great man who was clever and quick thinking, so we have not at all been deceived about him. It has often been said that Bismarck never meant for what most of what he did to happen, and that what he did was just mainly luck e. g. there was an extraordinary interlude of calmness during his time. This meant that he was able to many things that he should not have been able to do without risking international intervention. Britain is a good example of this international calmness. We were far more concerned with looking after ourselves, and keeping our empire strong and wealthy, than in events in Europe. The one thing that we did have a view on, and it was a strong view, was that we hated France, and this ended up being good for Bismarck anyway. Austria and France were also calm when Bismarck needed them to be – after Austria lost the war, it took her a reasonable amount of time to recover, and Bismarck used this time wisely; France had previously been hammered during Napoleon Bonaparte’s conquest of Europe, and was hated by many, and so was lying low for some time, and again, Bismarck used this greatly to his advantage. A handful people believe that Bismarck’s legacy is too big for his own good. As some people say that he caused German unification single-handedly, because this was a huge event which had enormous consequences and effects, people automatically think of Bismarck as being a greater and better person than he actually was, and that he shifted history his way more than he actually did. But, without Bismarck, luck and other things would not have been a big enough factor to cause German unification, and so he was needed, and he was a great man. Bismarck is said to have unified Germany, but there are several other people who contributed to it more than people think, who are often forgotten about, and not so well known. One of these people is Napoleon III of France. Napoleon III was a very weak, feeble, useless and pathetic ruler. When he was anxious to gain compensation and maintain France’s role as a great power, he was looking at Bismarck and Prussia for anything to grab onto and attack, but Bismarck gave him nothing to react to. This just angered Napoleon even more, and made it easy for Bismarck to use Napoleon when he wanted. Napoleon was such a weak and terrible ruler, that he automatically gave Bismarck an advantage, as Bismarck could easily control Napoleon, and trick him into doing things that he did not realize the consequences of. Bismarck very easily irritated Napoleon on purpose, but he did not go too far e. g. the Hohenzollem candidature, where Bismarck tried to put a Prussian prince in the Spanish throne. This would mean that Prussia would have a massive advantage, as France would be surrounded by Prussia, and could even face fighting on two fronts. Obviously Napoleon was furious when he heard about this, but Bismarck quickly withdrew the candidature, meaning that Napoleon did not act at all, and Bismarck looked good, as he had withdrawn it ‘to be nice to France’. Napoleon did not see what was happening, which meant that Bismarck could do almost what he wanted around him. Ludwig of Bavaria was an obstacle to Bismarck. He led the biggest German state (apart from Prussia). When Bismarck was making all of the head of the states agree to letting, acknowledging, and going to William’s coronation of becoming Kaiser of Germany, Ludwig was the only person to refuse, but Bismarck easily got around this problem by coming to an agreement with Ludwig, which was that Ludwig would accept the demands if Bismarck let him keep his ornate postboxes. This was a major victory for Bismarck, as it was the end of the very old state of Bavaria, which had lots of history, and patriotism, and was at one point a very strong power. Bismarck was controlled and told what to do mainly by William and also by the conservatives and the middle class taxpayers. William especially had absolute control over Bismarck. He had promoted him to chancellor. Prussia’s General (Moltke) was also very important. He was a superb General, and led Prussia’s army very well to its victories. Bismarck was not a military leader, and without Moltke could possibly not have done nearly as well as he did. Russia was massively important. She did not intervene during Prussia’s wars against Denmark and Austria in 1864 and 1866. If she had, Prussia would have probably lost, leading to a whole different outcome; the war with Austria led to the North German Confederation in 1867. Russia never once stopped the new central power from emerging, even though it was given plenty of opportunities. This may have been because of the Tsar. He always blamed Austria for his father’s death, and so refused to help her. Bismarck was helped on several occasions by certain countries not intervening in 1870 with the war with France, Britain did not intervene as she still hated France, neither would Italy, as she owed her acquisition of Venetia to Prussia’s victory over Austria in 1866 and also wanted to get the French out of Rome; and Austria was still recovering, and was held back by Russia, who threatened to send in 300,000 men if she got involved. This meant that Bismarck did not need to be scared of fighting on two fronts at all. Also, without the realignment of the great powers that resulted from the Crimean War, German Unification would probably not have happened. Bismarck himself even said: â€Å"It all began with the Crimean War†. Although all of these people and events were important, Bismarck was the fundamental key to the unification. Without him, it would not have happened, so we have not at all been deceived – he was a great man who was the key to the German Unification. When Bismarck came to power, Prussia was coming to its peak in almost every way. She had a brilliant General (Moltke), she was industrializing she had amazing railways and weapons and she had a thriving economy. Another help to Bismarck was the fact that Prussia was physically a large state. Some people believe that Bismarck did not need to do much, and he just did well, as it was a coincidence that he was in the right place at the right time. But, although Prussia was doing well at Bismarck’s time, it needed Bismarck to bring it all together, and make it happen! Many people say that German unification was inevitable, and would have happened even if Bismarck had never lived, because of certain preconditions. For example: nationalism had been growing for many years. This can be shown in the 1848 revolutions; also, it still kept on growing after the revolutions. Nationalism was now a talked about thing – people had written about it, and apart from the monarchs etc. who too were scared of it, people were discussing it among themselves. Also, gradually over the last few decades, there had been becoming less and less German states. Originally there were more than a hundred very small states, similar to the size of a large estate, or maybe a small county today; but as stronger states had engulfed other weaker states, fewer and larger states emerged. By the time Bismarck was around, there was not much more than twenty states. This gradual reduces in the number of states shows that eventually, there would have been a German unification without Bismarck anyway – he just sped the process up. The 1848 revolutions also showed that there was a want for change already there with the people, even before Bismarck, and so again, there would have been German unification without him. Another thing that shows that there would have been German unification without Bismarck anyway is that the Hapsburg Empire had slowly been on its downfall for many years, starting well before Bismarck’s time. At the height of its power, the Hapsburg Empire was enormous, and extremely powerful and very autocratic, but it had slowly been becoming less and less of a major power, and other countries were beginning to be able to almost rival it. Many people also say that the struggle between the German states and the struggle between Prussia and Austria had to be settled some time, and this would have happened regardless of whether Bismarck was there or not. By the time Bismarck came to power, there was as well a want for unification already there, which some say would have caused it anyway if Bismarck had not been there (liberals had wanted unification for a long time, but now there were also others who wanted it, like some of the working class, and some of the middle class – also, there were many who did not think about unification, but would have probably supported it if they could more easily). Also, in 1866, the southern states were becoming increasingly hostile to Prussia, and the other northern states. A war to resolve the hostility between France and Prussia, and to force the southern states into joining the North German Confederation seemed likely in 1869. This showed that even if Bismarck had not been there, then there would have been the unification anyway. People say that these points show that it was not Bismarck who caused the unification, but it was in fact going to happen anyway; but actually, it was Bismarck who brought all of these separate points together to make the unification happen. Without him these points would not have led to it, they need Bismarck! He brought these points together, and therefore it was Bismarck who made it possible. So we have not been deceived, as Bismarck was a great man, who shifted these points his way, leading to unification. Bismarck was a great man, and he had a great personality, and was always willing to do things. Bismarck was a great Machiavellian. He was brilliantly sly and cunning, and his truth was flexible. He was happy to put down anyone he needed to, even his friends. He always desired a stronger Prussia, and it was this desire that led to him unifying the German states. He was fundamentally a conservative, but he cleverly managed to get all different sorts of people to like him, and to be on his side – even many of the liberals. He was very gifted at making people believe something he wanted them to believe, or do what he wanted them to do e. g. he got William to agree to becoming the Kaiser, as he got all of the rulers of the other states to give him the crown. Bismarck was also very good at knowing when to stop – he would irritate someone a lot, but stop just before they exploded. He did this with Napoleon III. Bismarck also never took any risks that were too big. He always knew what he was doing, even though it often looked the opposite. He would only proceed with something if he was satisfied with his chance of success. This was his key strength – he was an unbelievable decision-maker. This meant that he was also very good at ‘playing things by ear’, which meant that he never had to plan things too far in advance, and he was very good at putting himself into other people’s shoes, and seeing what the consequences of all of his decisions could be. Bismarck was also very strong willed. He always did what he wanted, and never stopped or hesitated for anything. He was like a steam train going full speed, and having to make hundreds of decisions of what path to take – he was unstoppable. Proof of this is that when he came to power, the majority of people did not want unification, but he still managed to make it happen. William was also nearly useless without Bismarck. He was too weak and slow. Bismarck was a great man, and he certainly did shift history his way when he wanted to.

Comparison: the Jade Peony, horses Of The Night, Masque Of The Red :: essays research papers

Comparison: "The Jade Peony", "Horses of the Night", Masque of the Red Death" I noticed that i enjoyed most of the storys not only for the obvious reasons such as good charactors, mood, and imagery but also because of writing style and fluency. I noticed some storys I enjoyed reading even thought nothing in it really interested me too much, while other storys that were about topics I usally enjoy reading about I had to put down because I would end up going over every sentence two or three times each. So on that note I belive the most important part of writing is making it fluent and easy to read. The three storys I will compare and contrast are: "The Jade Peony", "Horses of the Night", and "The Masque of the Red Death." I intend to fine wether or not the author of these storys was sucessful in making it readable in the sence of comprehanceability and fluency. The first story I will be discussing is called "The Jade Peony" by Wayson Choy. I did not enjoy what this story was about nor did I enjoy reading it. Luckly it was short, If It wasnt I doubt i would have made it throught the whole thing. The main problem with this story was the inconsistance of the sentences, some sentences were too long while others were very short. The only way to truly fix this story would be to re-write it. The second story I chose to write about is called "Horses of the Night" by Margaret Laurence. I did enjoy reading this short story dipite the fact it seem to jump around alot; it would talk about somthing fairly in-depth then just suddenly jump to a different subject or time-era of the story. The author seem to show very good writing ability however so I think perhaps she did this on purpose either just for somthing different or maybe to give you a break from what she was currently writing about. And finally the third and personal favourite story i chose to include in this paper is called "The Masqe of the Red Death." This story is nice and easy to read even though it uses fairly large words and complex sentences. This story just happens to be writen by one of my favourite writers as well: Edgar Allen Poe. I enjoyed this story mainly because like i said it was easy to read

American History X Essay -- essays research papers

Theory Assignment on American History X This movie tells the story of a young man, from Southern California, that is the product of several unfortunate incidents, and his misguided search trying to answer the question why his life is the way it is. I. Daniel appeared to be dealing with the adolescent stage. Daniel seems to have developed his sense of self worth by mimicking his older brother. Daniels significant relationships, since his brothers incarceration has been derricks old friends (the skin head group). The scene in the principle’s office shows that Daniel is trying to live up to what he believes are his older brother’s ideals, which he believes are following in the foot steps of Nazis. Hate anyone that is not white and protestant. His own self image is one of an up and coming skin head; so he believes his identity is that of a racially intolerant neo-Nazi. Daniel’s search for that identity terminates when Derrick tells him about the experience of his prison time. This scene played out after Derrick confronted Conner at the skin head party and had to flee from his former admirers because he beat up their leader. Daniel followed Derrick and questioned him as to why he was behaving like a â€Å"Nigge r lover.† Daniels since of loyalty was shaken, and the explanation Derrick gave appeared to have turned Daniels beliefs around. Stacey is derrick’s girl friend at the beginning of the film. Stacey’s conscious and sexual identity seems to have been developed somewhat askew to the norms of middle class America, but she shows her comfort in her self during the dinner scene where the school teacher is discussing oppression of minorities with Derrick. Stacy voices an opinion that states blacks and Hispanics are a bane on society. She is a yes man to all of Derricks opinions, and during the same scene she shows her sexuality when she sensuously caresses Derrick after the altercation with Derrick’s family and his mother’s date. This scene showed that Stacey’s role models were other racist, and her beliefs were based on the rhetoric that is espoused at hate monger meetings. Stacey’s young adult stage is shown when she refuses to listen to Derrick during the skin head party scene. She had completely immersed herself in the â€Å"Derrick† persona. The idea of what she pe rceived Derrick would be like when he returned from prison. Stacey told Derrick, during the party scene t... ...s that Daniel took the same psychological ride as Derrick. The other characters remained at on a level psychological playing field. The skin heads may have become more radical, but that appeared to be because of the strength in numbers. The social view of aging in the film seemed to encompass the hatred of the time between two factions in a community in flux.The the presentation of community leaders trying to heal the community, the police captain and principal bob trying to enlist Derrick to help quell the possible uprising in the final scenes, also showed some social aging. 17. The roles of men in the film were depicted at the beginning by Derrick and his father as dominant figures in their household. Principal Bob was another strong male figure. The main female characters differed only in that Stacy seemed to bedcome independent of Derrick at the end of the film. Derricks mother and sister seemed to be typical obedient females. Derricks mom Derricks mom was â€Å"just† a housewife, and when her husband died Derrick filled the head of household role. Derricks oldest sister remained a liberal democrat throughout the movie, but showed no real interest in taking charge of her life.

Introduction to Christology

Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Theo 530: Systematic Theology II Lesson 1 Dr. Daniel R Mitchell, Professor Introduction to Christology Contemporary Issues in Christological Method Overview Christ and History The Search Christology from Above vs. from Below The Person or Work of Christ, Which is Prior? Christ and Myth I. Introduction to this Study A. Relation to other Theological Study 1 Theology Proper (above) 2 Man and Sin (below) Three Issues Addressed Here 1 Faith and History/Reason 2 Ontology vs. Function 3 Myth and the Nature of the Biblical Witness II. Search for the Historical Jesus Key Players: Strauss, Renan, Harnack Harnack’s Presuppositions NT and Superstitious Culture Ancient Miracle Claims are Commonplace Anti-supernaturalism Miracle Claims are Rooted in Ignorance Harnack and the Essential Message of Jesus The Kingdom of God and its Coming God the Father and the infinite value of the human soul The higher Righteousness and the Commandment of Love III. Critique of the Classic Liberal Position A. Schweitzer, Search of the Historical Jesus Jesus in the NT is thoroughly Eschatological. It is Presumptuous for Moderns to try to Reinvent Him. Jesus was â€Å"wrong,† but his essential message is not lost on the NT reader. Kahler 1 Distinguished Historie and Geschichte 2 Contrasted â€Å"Jesus† of Historie and the â€Å"Christ† of Geschichte. IV. Above or Below? 1 Kahler’s Distinction led to the question: Which is prior—Historie or Geschichte? 2 The Neo-Orthodox Theologians such as Barth, Bultmann, and Brunner begin with the Kerygma—from Above (the NT w itness). 3 Kasemann (â€Å"New Search†) and Pannenberg begin with Historie (probable facts)—from Below. 4 Erickson wants to use both in dynamic tension. 1 Following Augustine he begins with faith (from above) 2 He proceeds â€Å"from below† to test the reliability of his faith-given â€Å"hypothesis. V. The Person vs. the Work of Christ The NT seems to Link these 1. (e. g. Messianic Mission and Divine Sonship) Classic Theology Separated them and Stressed Ontology (the Person) Reformers (Luther/Calvin) followed Classic theology, but emphasized the Soteriological significance (Work) of Christ. Modern Theology Continued and Exaggerated this Distinction and Emphasis. Schleiermacher— â€Å"feelings† Bultmann/Tillich—â€Å"existential† question VI. Pros and Cons of the Two Approaches Christology from Above Strength—Emphasizes â€Å"Who† Christ is in evaluating the significance of His Work. Weakness—Tends to become bogged down in philosophical questions, which have no relevance to practical life. Christology from Below Strength—Relevance to Life Weakness—Driven by â€Å"felt needs† and Risks blindness to Issues of Importance that are only secured â€Å"from above. † VII. Christ and the Incarnation Myth Bultmann and â€Å"demythologization. † Builds on the philosophy of Idealism Links Christianity and World Religions Erickson’s Responses The Incarnation is a Mystery The Doctrine is Rooted in Jesus’ own Claims of Himself. The NT teaching is entirely unique to the World’s Religions.